IHSS&IWA26 / BRNO / CZECHIA / 23–28 August 2026 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 216 Poster Session / Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry Hall A 2.0 m × 1.0 m. Each pile was mechanically turned every 5 days for the first 8 weeks and every 10 days between weeks 9 and 13 of the experiment. Samples were collected at different maturity stages, and the following determinations were performed: total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN), carbon of fulvic (CFA) and humic (CHA) acids, carbon of residual fraction (CR), the elemental composition of humic acids, humification index (HR1), and ω (oxidation) ratios. Based on the results obtained [1], it can be concluded that the composts studied meet the legal and environmental criteria for bio-recycled products. It was demonstrated that the direction and intensity of biotransformation processes depended on the availability of nitrogen compounds, and that inoculation of lignocellulosic substrates stimulated the synthesis of humic acids and the decomposition of the CR fraction. The physicochemical parameters of the MSWC variant allow for its direct use as an organic additive improving the soil organic matter balance and soil quality parameters. Considering the investigated properties, HWBC and HWIBC materials are more suitable as fertiliser components or inert growing media [1,2,3,5]. The studies have shown that the HR1 and ω indices can be used to assess the efficiency of organic compound recycling during the composting of various types of biomass. References 1. J. Bekier, E. Jamroz, J. Sowiński et al, Sustainability 17 (2025), 1491. 2. R. Lal, Science 304 (2014), 1623–1627. 3. J. Kwiatkowska-Malina, J. Soils Sediments 18 (2018), 2801–2812. 4. E. Loffredo, N. Senesi, in Chemistry and Life, I. Twardowska, H.E. Allen et al. (Eds.), Dordrecht, Springer, 2006, p. 3-23. 5. C. Ciavatta, M. Centemero, M. Tosseli et al. in Multi-Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems, Y. Yang, M. Keiluweit, et al. (Eds), Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons, 2022, p. 297–321 Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (Poland) as part of the Ph. D. research program “MISTRZ”, No. N090/0009/22.
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