BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 279 IHSS&IWA26 / BRNO / CZECHIA / 23–28 August 2026 Hall A Poster Session / Technologies and Applications final product. Among others, a decrease in the intensity of bands attributed to aliphatic CH2 and CH3 structures, as well as amide linkages and structures typical of polysaccharides, was observed. The intensity of some bands typical of oxygen-containing functional groups was also changed; however, these observations should be further confirmed by additional analyses in order to exclude the possible co-contribution of other structures to the observed signals. The obtained results indicate that processes based on the catalytic–thermal conversion of biomass may represent an interesting alternative for the production of AHAs. However, for this method to be implemented on a larger scale, further optimization is required, including the appropriate selection of process parameters such as temperature, catalyst type and dosage, and the degree of fragmentation of the starting material. Simple and low-cost analytical techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy may support the qualitative assessment of functional groups, chemical structure, and the degree of similarity to natural humic acids. References 1. P. Boguta, P. Pieczywek, Z. Sokołowska, Sensors 16 (2016) 1760. 2. J.G. Lee, H.Y. Yoon, J.-Y. Cha, W.-Y. Kim, P.J. Kim, J.-R. Jeon, Biotechnology Advances 37, 8 (2019) 107416. Acknowledgement This research was funded in whole by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant no. 2024/53/B/ST10/03137
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